How To Judge The Fault Of Transformer By Smell And Color?

How should the abnormal smell and color diagnostics of the transformer be analyzed and addressed when the transformer fault?

Transformer oil and components will change in color and smell if there is a fault inside the transformer or if it is overheated. The following are some common faults:

  1. A loose casing terminal or a slippery lead wire nose can seriously oxidize the contact surface, overheat the contact, cause the color to darken, tarnish, and damage the surface coating.
  2. Fouling causes corona and flashover discharges. During flashover discharge, heat will be generated and the bushing will age, insulation will be damaged, and an explosion may occur.
  3. Transformer leakage flux has a low magnetic breaking ability, which causes eddy currents, which cause the transformer tank to overheat locally and cause the paint to change color.
  4. Water and moisture will enter the transformer when the explosion-proof membrane of the explosion-proof pipe ruptures, causing the insulating oil to emulsify and reducing the transformer’s insulation strength.
  5. Moisture absorption, damaged gaskets, and too much water entering the oil chamber can cause moisture absorbents to discolor.
  6. There will be a burning smell coming from a burning cooling fan and oil pump.

These fault may be due to the following reasons:

  1. The porcelain sleeve terminal’s tightening part is loose, and the surface is overheated and oxidized, resulting in discoloration and abnormal odors.
  2. The magnetic flux leakage of the transformer and the distribution of the magnetic field are not uniform, resulting in eddy currents, and local overheating of various parts of the fuel tank resulting in paint discoloration.
  3. Fouling of the porcelain casing will produce corona, which emits a strange odor, and when burned, the cooling fan and the oil pump will emit a burning smell.
  4. Discoloration of the hygrometer is caused by excessive moisture absorption, damaged gaskets, and too much water entering its oil chamber.

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