In general, transformer losses can be divided into two categories: iron losses and copper losses. Iron loss is caused by the eddy current loss in the iron core, and it is a function of the quality, processing level, and compaction degree of the silicon steel sheet that is used to make the iron core silicon steel sheet; There is a copper loss due to the current flowing through the transformer winding, and its magnitude depends on the size of the transformer load, the resistance of the winding conductor, and the cross section of the conductor. The main losses of the system are the large transformers and cooling fans, and the capacity of the system also depends on the size of these two losses.
A transformer’s primary winding generates magnetic flux, which flows in the iron core. Since the iron core is also a conductor, an electric potential is established on the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field lines, resulting in the creation of an “eddy current”. Eddy currents increase the transformer’s loss and increase the temperature rise of its iron core heating transformer.
Losses caused by “eddy currents” are referred to as “iron losses”. Further, a large amount of copper wire is required to wind the transformer. Copper wires have resistance. When current flows through them, the resistance consumes a certain amount of power. This loss is called “copper loss”. Therefore, the temperature rise of the transformer is primarily caused by iron loss and copper loss.
How to minimize it？
Iron loss is caused by excitation. Reducing the iron loss can reduce the magnetic flux density appropriately. Use a material with high permeability, low hysteresis, and high resistivity as the iron core. By using materials with low resistivity for winding, and appropriately increasing the wire diameter, copper loss can be reduced.
