Transformers consist primarily of iron cores and coils, with the coil wound around the iron core in order to convert voltage. During operation, the coil will flow current and generate a magnetic field, which will circulate in the iron core to form a magnetic flux. Generally speaking, magnetic flux refers to the number of magnetic field lines passing through a plane, and magnetic field lines are artificially assumed lines used to indicate the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field. Primary and secondary coils are present, with the primary coil (also known as the primary coil) being connected to the power supply as the input end; As the output terminal, it is the secondary coil (also called secondary coil) that is connected to the load.
For voltage transformation, transformers use the electromagnetic principle of “electricity generates magnetism, and magnetism generates electricity.”
It is widely used to change the voltage of alternating current with transformers. In long-distance power transmission, high voltage or even ultra-high voltage electricity is often transmitted through transformers and then converted back to grid voltage at the destination. The electronic products we use on a daily basis also contain transformers.Using the transformer, 220V alternating current can be stepped down, rectified, filtered, and stabilized for use as low-voltage direct current.
Electromagnetic Induction Principle
Current passes through the solenoid (actually the coil), which generates an electromagnetically generated magnetic field; Using the right-hand rule (Ampere’s rule), the magnetic field direction can be determined by the direction of the thumb on the right hand.
As well, the conductors in the magnetic field can generate induced electromotive force, which is “magnetically generated electricity” when the magnetic field changes.
Why the transformer can transform voltage?
The transformer is composed of two sets of coils, the primary coil and the secondary coil. The primary coil receives current and the secondary coil discharges it. As the primary coil has more turns than the secondary coil, the voltage on the secondary coil will decrease, which is what is known as a step-down transformer; Conversely, if the primary coil has fewer turns than the secondary coil, the voltage on the secondary coil will increase, resulting in a step-up transformer.A transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which states that when a conductive object is placed in a magnetic field that is changing, a current can be induced within the object.Upon connecting the transformer to the AC grid, a magnetic field is generated around the primary coil of the transformer. A magnetic field will be generated along the iron core of the transformer as the current direction of the input alternating current changes continuously. This magnetic field will form a closed loop along the iron core. The secondary coil is induced with a current due to the changing magnitude and direction of the magnetic field. Because the voltage across each turn of the secondary coil is equal, the more turns the secondary coil has, the higher the voltage output. If direct current is fed into a transformer, what will happen? As direct current is always in one direction, the direction of the generated magnetic field will not change, so no voltage will be induced on the secondary coil. The transformer can therefore only change the voltage of the alternating current.
